*** THE PERSECUTION OF ROMAN CATHOLICS IN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR *** In Memory of THE JESUIT MARTYRS OF THE CIVIL WAR *** BIBLIOGRAPHY *** Aguirre Prado, Luis, The Church and the Spanish Civil War (Servicio Informativo Espanol, 1965) Aguirre y Lecube, Jose Antonio de, Escape via Berlin (Macmillan, 1944) Arellza, Jose Maria de, Embajadores Sobre Espana (Instituto de Estudios Politicos, 1947) Bayle, Constantino, Que Pasa en Espagna? (Delegacion del Estado para Prensa y Propaganda, 1937) Bolloten, Burnett, The Spanish Civil War (U. of N. Carolina, 1991) Braie, Pierre, and Temime, Emile, The Revolution and the Civil War in Spain MIT Press, 1970) Brenan, Gerald, The Spanish Labyrinth (Cambridge U., 1950) Broue, Pierre, La Revolution et La Guerre d’Espagna (Les Editions de Minuit, 1961) Bustamante, Crisostomo de, Martires Capuchinos de Castilla (Moret, 1962) Carreras, Luis, The Glory of Martyred Spain (Burns, Oates & Washbourne, Ltd., 1939) Carroll, Warren Hasty, The Last Crusade (Christendom, 1996) Cattell, David Tredwell, Communism and the Spanish Civil War (U. of California, 1955) Christian, William Jr., Visionaries (U. of California, 1996) Claudel, Paul, A Los Martires Espanoles (Ediciones de la Falange, 1937) Costa Deu, G., Centro Martiri della Rivoluzione del 1936 (Societa. Editrice Internazionale, 1937) Crosby, Donald F., "Boston Catholics and the Spanish Civil War," New England Quarterly, 44 (March 1971), 82-100 Evaristo de la virgen del Carmen, Padre, Martirologio de los Camelitas Descalzos (Catolica Sigirano Diaz, 1942) Feeney, Thomas J., The Church in Spain (Catholic Truth Society, 1937) Friends of Spain, Christ or Franco? (Friends of Spain, 1937) Garralda Garcia, Angel, Los Martires de Nembra (Graf. de la Impr. La Versal de Gijon, 1995) Gironella, Jose Maria, One Million Dead (Doubleday, 1963) - The Cypresses Believe in God (Knopf, 1955) Goma y Tomas, Isidro, The Martyrdom of Spain (J. Duffy for the Irish Christian Front, 1936) Guttmann, Allen, The Wound in the Heart (Free Press, 1962) Hayes, Carlton J. H., Wartime Mission in Spain, 1942-1945 (DeCapo, 1946) Hemingway, Ernest, For Whom the Bell Tolls (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940) Herrera Oria, Enrique, Los Cautivos de Vizcaya (Aldus, S. A., 1938) Hiriartia, J. de, Le Cas des Catholique Basques (H. G. Peyre, 1938) Iramuno, Xavier d', Perseguido, Difamado, Abandonado, El Clero Vasco Defendiendo La Justicia y La Fraternidad (Societe d'Edition et d'Impr.du Sud-Ouest, 1946) Joaquin, Ancieto, Nos Martyrs (Sacre Coeur de Jesus, 1956) Lopez, Martina, And They Gave Their Lives . . . (Lesher Printers, 1997) Martinez, Francisco, Dos Jesuitas Martires en Asturias (Aldecoa, 1936) Martinez Padron, Gabriel, El Dr. Tarres (Ediciones Palabra, 1993) Matthews,, Herbert L., Half of Spain Died (Scribner, 1973) McGovern, John, Why Bishops Back Franco (Independent Labor Party, 1936) Montanelli, Indro, La Guerra di Spagna et il Patto di Monaco (Rizzoli, 1984) Montavon, William F. (trans.), The Catholic Church in Spain (National Catholic Welfare Conference, 1937) Montero Moreno, Antonio, Historia de la Persecucion Religiosa en Espagna 1936-1939 (Bibl. De Autorers Cristianos, 1956) Nonell Bru, Salvador, La Persecucion Anticristiana y los Martires de Cristo en Espana (Roca Viva, 1981) Obispos Espanoles, The War in Spain (Paulist Press, 1937) O'Connell, James R., The Spanish Parliament and the Clerical Question, 868-1936 (University Microfilms, 1978) Orti, Vicente Carcel, Spanish Martyrs of the 20th Century (Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 2001) Payne, Robert, The Civil War in Spain (Putnani, 1962) Peerman, Dean, "Perturbing Beatifications," Christian Century, 109: 37 (Dec. 16, 1992), 1156-1157 Perez de Urbel, Justo, Catholic Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 (Angelus, 1993) Perez Oliver, Alfredo M., Diario de un Testigo (Edelvives, 1982) Pius XI, Pope, The Pope and the Spanish Terror (s. n., 1936) Radosh, Ronald, Mary R. Habeck and Grigory Sevostianov, Spain Betrayed (Yale University Press, 2001) Raguer, Hilari, The Catholic Church and the Spanish Civil War (Routledge, 2006) Reeves, John B., Dominican Martyrs in Red Spain (Blackfriars, 1938) Robles, Gil, Spain in Chains (American Press, 1937) Rodriguez, Victoriano, Martires Franciscanos de la Serafica Provincia de San Gregorio Magno de Filipinas (E. Martin, 1936) Sacerdotes Espansoles, La Carta Collectiva de los Obispos Espanoles (Imp. Centrale, 1937) Salm, Luke, The Martyrs of Turon and Terragona (Romeoville, Ill., 1990) Sanchez, Jose M., The Second Spanish Republic and the Holy See, 1931-1936 (Catholic University, 1963) - Reform and Reaction (U. of N. Carolina, 1964) - The Spanish Civil War as a Religious Tragedy (Notre Dame, 1987) Segura, Francisco, La Iglesid y El Alzaminento Nacional (Sal Terrae, 1964) Sender, Ramon J., La Republica y la Question Religiosa ("Cosmos," 1932) Spanish Bishops, Joint Letter ... Concerning the War in Spain (Catholic Truth Society, 1938) Spanish Embassy, Spain (Press Dept., 1937) Stradlng, Robert A., The Irish and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 (Manchester University Press, 1999) Tarin-Iglesias, Jose, Los Martires de Montserrat (Hormiga de Oro, 1950) Tarres i Claret, Pere, El Meu Diari de Guerra (l'Abadia de Montserrat, 1987) Thomas, Hugh, The Spanish Civil War (Eyre & Spottiswoods, 1961) Tort, James, The Claretian Martyrs of Barbastro (2nd ed.; Claretian Missionary Fathers, 1939) Traina, Richard P., American Diplomacy and the Spanish Civil War (Bloomington, 1968) Trepat y Trepat, Jose, Los Mrtires Frxanciscanos de Catalauna Durante la Revolucion Marxista (Tip. Catolica Casale, 1944) Tylenda, Joseph N., Jesuit Saints and Martyrs (Loyola U., 1984) Valaik, J. David, American Catholics and the Spanish Civil War (University Microfilms, 1964) Vincent, Mary, Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic (Clarendon, 1996) Xavier, Adro, Jesuitas Martires (Esin, 1997) Zumeta, Angel de, Un Cardenal Espanol y
los Catolicos Vascos (Publicaciones Minereva,
1937) *** There were at least 6,861 Catholic Martyrs in the Spanish Civil War: 12 Bishops; 300 Nuns; 2,365 Monks; & 4,184 Priests (see Hugh Thomas' book on the Spanish Civil War, p. 144) (At least 225 were beatified by the end of 1998). More Martyrs to be Beatified in Jubilee 2000 Pope Beatified 233 Martyrs of Civil War March 11, 2001: Feast Day of Blesseds on September 22nd All in the Diocese of Valencia Jesuits Priests: Blessed Narcisco Baste Baste (1866-1936) Blessed Pablo Bori Puig (1864-1936) Blessed Constantine Carbonell Sempere (1866-1936) Blessed Juan Bautista Ferreres Boluda (1861-1936) Blessed Tomas Sitjar Fortia (1866-1936) Blessed Alfredo Simon Colomina (1877-1936) Blessed Dario Hernandez Morato (1880-1936) Brothers Blessed Pedro Gelabert Amer (1887-1936) Blessed Ramon Grimaltos Monllor (1861-1936) Blessed Vicente Sales Genoves (1891-1936) Blessed Jose Tarrats Comaposada (1895-1936) *** Brothers of the Christian School: Saint Cirilo Bertran (1888-1934) Saint Marciano Jose (1900-1934) Saint Victoriano Pio (1905-1934) Saint Julian Alfredo (1902-1934) Saint Benjamin Julian (1908-1934) Saint Augusto Andres (1910-1934) Saint Benito de Jesus (1910-1934) Saint Aniceto Adolfo (1912-1934) More Brothers of the Christian Schools: Blessed Bishop Diego Ventaja and Companions Blessed Manuel Barbal Cosan (1898-1836) The Augustinian Recollect Martyrs of Motril Blessed Jose Ricardo Dietz Blessed Leon Inchausti Blessed Julian Moreno Blessed Deogracias Palacios Blessed Vincente Pinilla Blessed Jose Rada Blessed Vincente Soler Daughters of Mary Maria Francesca Ricart Olmos (1881-1936) Servants of Mary Maria Baldillou and Five Companions Visitation Sisters Blessed Josefa Maria Barrera Izaguirre (1881-1936) Blessed Teresa Maria Cavestany y Anduaga (1888-1936) Blessed Maria Cecilla Cendoya Araquistain (1910-1936) Blessed Maria Gabriela de Hilnojosa Naveros (1872-1936) Blessed Maria Engracia Lecuona Aramburu (1898-1936) Blessed Maria Angela Olaizola Garagarza (1893-1936) Blessed Maria Ines Zudaire Galdeano (1900-1936) Other Martyrs Blessed Francisca Aldea Blessed Rita Dolores Pujalte Blessed Maria Sagrarion Blessed Manuel Martin Sierra Adorers of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity Manuela of the Heart of Jesus (Manuela Arriola Uranga) and 22 Companions killed in 1936 Augustinians Avelino Rodriguez Alonso and 97 Companions killed in 1936 Blessed Hector Valdivielso Saez (1910-1934) Blessed Jose Tapies (1869-1936) and Six Companions Carmelite Martyrs: Blessed Maria Mercedes Pray y Prat (1880-1936) Cistercian Martyrs The Fifty-One Claretian Martyrs of Barbastro The Fifteen Claretian Martyrs of Cervera Dominican (Second & Third Order) Martyrs: Antero Mateo Garcia (1875-1936) & Eleven Companions Franciscan Martyrs: Victor Chumillas Fernandez (1902-1936) & Twenty-One Companions Felix Echevarria Gorostiaga & Six Companions Antonio Faundez Lopez & One Companion Pascual Fortunato Almela & Four Companions Three Marist Brothers of Ciudad Real Executed in 1936 Oblate Missionaries of Mary Immaculate Passionist Fathers St. Inocencio de la Inmaculada [Manuel Arnau] (1887-1934) Twenty-six Passionists di Daimiel Executed in 1936 Salesian Victims: Jose Calasanz Sergio Cid Seventy-one St. John of God Hospital Brothers Seventeen Sisters of Christian Doctrine Executed in 1936 Sisters Guardians of the Eucharistic Cult: Blessed Maria de los Angeles Ginard Marti (1894-1936) Teresians: St. Pedro Poveda Castroverde Victoria Diez Bustos de Molina The 117 Martyrs of Almeria (1936-1939) The Martyrs of Turon Dolores & Consuelo Aguiar-Mella Diaz Nineteen Martyrs of Viaceli Spain Blessed Vicente Vilar David (1889-1937) Blessed Dioniso Pamplona (1838-1936) & Twelve Companions Blessed Pedro Ruiz de los Panos & Eight Companions (+ 1936) *** Ceferino Giminez Malla (1861-1936) Jesuits: Beatification Cause in Process Jose Maria Algere Jimenez (1865-1936) Ignatius Arámburu (1852-1935) Bartholomeo Arbona Estades (1862-1936) Juan Baustista Arconada Perez (1890-1934) Ramon Artigues Servient (1902-1936) Francisco Audi Cid (1872-1936) Jesus Ballesta Tejero (1903-1936) Luis Boguñá Porta (1893-1936)++ Andres Carrio Bertran (1876-1936) Manuel de la Cerda y las Barcenas (1900-1936) Olegario Corral Garcia (1871-1936) Felix Cots Oliveres (1895-1936) Emmanuel Darder Palabi (1862-1936) Jose Ignacio Elduayen Larranaga (1884-1936) Thoas Estebán (1879-1934) Juan Gomez Hellin (1899-1936) Manuel Gonzalez Hernandez (1889-1936) Ferdinand de Huidobro (1903-1937) Domingo Ibarlucca Iregui (1906-1936) Felipe Iriondo Amundarain (1869-1936) Lorenzo Isla Sanz (1865-1936) Jose Llatje Llatje (1893-1936) Manuel Luque Fontanilla (1856-1936) Constantino March Battles (1877-1937) Braulio Martinez Simeon (1852-1936) Emilio Martinez (1893-1934) Marcial Mayorga Paredes (1902-1936) Miguel Mendoza Reig (1889-1936) Jose Munoz Abioil (1904-1936) Jaime Noguera Baro (1901-1937) Alfonso Payan Perez (1877-1936) Manuel Peypoch Sala (1870-1936) Jose Roma Carreres (1911-1936) Juan Rovira Orlandis (1877-1936) Pascual Ruiz Ramirez (1901-1936) Jose Sampol Escalas (1899-1936) Jose Sanchez Oliva (1891-1936) Antonio Sanchiz Martinez (1891-1936) Martin Santaella Gutierrez (1873-1936) Richard Tena (1877-1936) Francisco Javier Tena Colom (1880-1936) Ricardo Tena Montero De Espinosa (1877-1936) Joaqim Maria Valenti De Marti (1884-1936) Ignacio de Velasco Nieto (1890-1936) Jose Vergés De Trias (1898-1936) Demetrio Zurbitu Recaldo (1886-1936) Jesuits: Beatification Cause Not Yet Opened Catarino Abril Marin (1881-1936) Ismael Accensi Cid (1894-1936) Diego Aguilera (1912-1938) Juan Bautista Andrada Salvador (1898-1936) Jose del Arco (1889-1936) Jose Manuel Arin Dorronsoro (1887-1936) Angel Arminana Silvestre (1902-1936) Leopoldo Barbo Caballero (1870-1936) Juan P. Beamonte Garcia (1895-1936) Manuel Berdun (1879-1937) Paulino Bertran Sempere (1874-1936) Tomas Boix Alminana (1866-1936) Baldomero Bonilla Fernandez (1865-1936) Ignacio Casanovas Camprubi (1865-1936) Ramon Codina Alier (1869-1936) Jose Conti Sala (1865-1936) Manuel Darder Palahi (1862-1936) Augustin Diaz y Zapata (1969-1936) Jose Fabregal Verdu (1893-1936) Augustin Fernandez Hernandez (1904-1936) Manuel Fernandez Diaz-Masa (1904-1936) Jose F. Ferragut Sbet (1889-1936) Vicente Fonfria Geri (1891-1936) Tomas Frasno Penarrocha (1866-1936) Narcisco Fuentes Ruiz-Delgado (1875-1936) Jose Gabarron Perez (1868-1936) Jose Garcia Molina (1911-1936) Zacarias Garcia Villada (1879-1936) Nemesio Gonzalez Alonso (1866-1936) Luis Gordillo Diaz (1898-1936) Vicente Guimera Roca (1869-1936) Joaquin Hernandez Lopez (1881-1936) Antonio Jimenez Blazquez (1885-1936) Jose Juan Martinez (1885-1936) Martin Juste Garcia (1863-1936) Florentinio Laria Sampedro (1866-1936) Manuel de Larragan Alfaro (1884-1936) Manuel Manes Bosch (1887-1936) Juan Martinez Garcia (1902-1936) Jesus Martinez Hernandez (1903-1936) Valentino Mayordomo Gonzalez (18787-1937) Jose Mendizabal Tolosa (1881-1937) Angel Mercader Valero (1889-1936) Pedro Miro De Mesa (1901-1936) Ramon Molina (1904-1938) Carlos Moncho Montaner (1868-1936) Jesus Montero Carrion (1887-1936) Inocencio Munoz Aguilera (1895-1936) Joaquin Noguera Martinez (1873-1936) Jose Oortiz Calvo (1911-1936) Jose Palacio Molina (1865-1936) Felix Palacios (1877-1936) Miguel Pardo De Donlebun (1881-1936) Luis Perera Canogio (1865-1936) Jose Pedromingo Cotayna (1904-1936) Jose Rallo Pascual (1863-1936) Jose Rodriguez De La Torre (1877-1936) Gregorio Ruiz Rodriguez (1911-1936) Jose Ruiz Goyo (1897-1936) Jose Ruiz Pimentel (1887-1936) Nicolas Serrano Fernandez (1910-1936) Jose Serres Borras (1890-1936) Jose Simon Cascales (1873-1936) Pedro Trulls Claramunt (1867-1936) Jose Maria Valiente Trigueros (1894-1936) Ramon Vendrell Vives (1865-1936) Ignacio Vila March (1858-1936) Jose Maria Vives Castellet (1882-1936) Frarncisco Vives Masses (1898-1936) Jose Antonio Yanez Gonzalez (1870-1936) *** Others Bishops Bishop Pedro Cruz Ocana of Cuenca Oratorian Bishop Salvio Huix of Lerida Bishop Eustaquio Nieto Martin of Siguenza Priests Augustinian Felip Ciscar Puig Antonio Diaz Del Moral of Madrid Dominican Pedro Gafo Dominican Pedro Gerard Liberio Gonzalez Nonvela of Torrijos Manuel Gonzalez-Semay Roderiguez of Seville Franciscan Andres Invars Pascual Martin of Toledo Andres Molina of Granada Jose Sala of Toledo Francisco Sendra Ivars of Valencia Brothers Claretian Brother Fernando Saperas Layman Blessed Luis Campos Gorriz (1905-1936) Francisco de Paula Castello y Aleu (1914-1936) Women Seven Martyred Poor Clares at St. Paul's Shine in Cleveland, Ohio Francisca Aldea Araujo Church Organist in Barcelona Jaime Busquets Xaubet A Doctor from the Republican Army: Venerable Pere Tarres i Claret (1905-1950) 498 Beatified on October 28, 2007: Blessed Blanco Marquez (1914-1936) *** On December 18, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI authorized the beatification of seventy-four Servants of God by recognizing their martyrdom through the publication of the necessary decree. In the case of martyrs, no miracle through their intercession is necessary for their beatification. Seventy-one of these martyrs soon be beatified were killed during the Spanish Civil War: [Manuel Gómez González, Spanish, diocesan
priest born in 1877, Adilio Daronch, Eufrasio of the Baby Jesus (born Eufrasio Barredo Fernández), Spanish, born in 1897, priest of the Order of Discalced Carmelites, killed during religious persecution in Spain in 1934. Lorenzo, Virgilio and forty-four companions
of the Institute of Brothers of the Marist Schools, Enrique Izquierdo Palacios and thirteen
companions, Spanish, of the Order of Friars Preachers, Ovidio Beltrán, Hermenegildo Lorenzo,
Luciano Pablo, Estanislao Víctor y Lorenzo Santiago, Spanish, members of
the Institute of Brothers of the Christian Schools, and José María Cánovas
Martínez, María del Carmen, Rosa and Magdalena
Fradera Ferragutcasas, Spanish, religious of the Congregation of Daughters
of the Blessed and Immaculate Heart of Mary, killed during
religious **************************** IMAGES (vlapomar@holycross.edu).
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